Islam

Der Islam im Iran ist nicht nur die Religion der Mehrheit der Bevölkerung, sondern auch das Fundament der staatlichen Identität, des politischen Systems und der öffentlichen Moral. Im Gegensatz zu den meisten muslimischen Ländern, in denen die sunnitische Tradition vorherrscht, ist der Iran das wichtigste Zentrum des Zwölfer-Schiismus — einer theologischen und spirituellen Strömung, die eine besondere Form der religiös-politischen Ordnung geprägt hat.

Islam in Iran is not only the religion of the majority of the population, but also the foundation of state identity, the political system, and public morality. Unlike most Muslim countries, where the Sunni tradition predominates, Iran is the main center of Twelver Shiism—a theological and spiritual current that has shaped a distinctive type of religious-political order.

The Catholic Church recognizes Islam as a monotheistic faith that honors God, Jesus, and Mary, promoting dialogue and mutual respect according to Nostra Aetate.

This article examines the principal types of Islam—most prominently the Sunni and Shia branches, alongside lesser-known currents such as Ibadi Islam, Sufism, and modern reform movements. Through historical, doctrinal, and sociological perspectives, the discussion aims to provide a nuanced overview that helps Christian readers approach Islam not as a uniform tradition but as a complex and evolving religious world.